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ntspg;gLj;jy; G];jfk; - tpsf;fTiu
mjpfhuk; - 2
,Uf;fpwitfs; (2>3)
rigapd; fhyj;ij VO tifahf
gphpf;fyhk;. VO fhyq;fspy; fhzg;gl;l VO rigfs; MFk;. nra;jpapd; Jtf;fkhdJ vNgR
rigf;F vOjg;gl;Ls;sJ.
VO rigfs;
1. vNgR
rig(2:1-7)
,e;j rigapd; fhykhdJ
fp.gp.30 Kjy; fp.gp.170 tiu. mg;Ngh];jydhfpa gTy;
,e;j rigia epWtpath;. vNgR vd;why; tpl;Ltpl;l my;yJ mrjpahd rig vd;W mh;j;jk;.
vNgR xU Kf;fpakhd efuk;. mq;Fs;s kf;fs; jpahdhs; vd;w Njtijia tzq;fp te;jhh;fs;.
mg;Ngh];jydhfpa gTy; jd;Dila ,uz;lhtJ RtpN\ gazj;jpNy vNgR gl;lzj;jpw;F
te;jhh;;. mg;nghOJ Nahthd;];ehdfdhy; Qhd];ehdk; ngw;w rpy rP\h;fis fz;L
mth;fsplk; fh;j;juhfpa ,NaR fpwp];Jtpy; tpRthrpfshf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W nrhy;yp
kWgbAk; mth;fs; fh;j;juhfpa ,NaRtpd; ehkj;jpdhNy Qhd];ehdk; nfhLj;jhh;;. gTy;
mth;fs;Nky; iffis itj;jNghJ> ghpRj;jMtpahdth; mth;fs;Nky; te;jhh;. mg;nghOJ
mth;fs; me;epa ghi\fisg; Ngrpj; jPh;f;fjhprdQ; nrhd;dhh;fs;(mg;:19:2-7).
gTy; %d;whtJ Kiw RtpN\ gazj;jpNy vNgR
gl;lzj;jpw;F te;j NghJ> gpuNah[dkhditfspy; xd;iwAk;> NjtDila
MNyhridapy; xd;iwAk; ehd; kiwj;Jitf;fhky;> vy;yhtw;iwAk; cq;fSf;F mwptpj;Njd;
vd;W $Wfpwhh;. ty;yikapYk; trdj;jpYk; fl;lg;gl;l vNgR rigapd; m];jpghuk; kpf MokhdJ.
fp;.gp.68-y; gTy; khpj;jgpd;G filrp ehl;fspy;
Nahthdhy; Nghjpf;fg;gl;L vNgR rig tsh;f;fg;gl;lJ.
ghohd ,d;iwa vNgR gl;lzk;
KfTiu
vNgR rigapd; nra;jpahdJ rigapd; J}jid
Nehf;fp nry;fpwJ. J}jd; vd;gJ rigapd; Copaf;fhuid Fwpf;fpwJ. vNgR
rigf;F KjyhtJ nra;jpia nfhLg;gth; ahh;> vg;gbgl;lth; vd;W ,NaR jd;id
mwpKfg;gLj;Jfpwhh;.
VO el;rj;jpuq;fisj; jk;Kila tyJfuj;jpy; Ve;jpf;nfhz;L> "VO nghd;Fj;J
tpsf;Ffspd;
kj;jpapNy cyhtpf;nfhz;bUf;fpwth; nrhy;YfpwjhtJ" vd;W $Wfpwhh;;.
el;rj;jpuk; vd;gJ rigapd; J}jiu> Copaf;fhuiu Fwpf;fpwJ. Fj;Jtpsf;F vd;gJ rigia
Fwpf;fpwJ. rigapd; Copaf;fhuh;fis el;rj;jpuq;fsha; jk;Kila fuj;jpy; Ve;jp
nfhzbUf;fpwhh; ,NaR. el;rj;jpuk; jd;Dila ghijapy; efh;e;J nrd;W ntspr;rk; tPRk;. mJNghy
Copaf;fhuh;fs; cyfj;Jf;F ntspr;rk; tPr Ntz;Lk;. Nahthd;];ehdfd; vhpe;J
gpufhrpf;fpw tpsf;fhapUe;jhd; vd;W Ntjj;jpy; thrpf;fpNwhk;;. ,NaR rigapd;
kj;jpapy; cyhtpf;nfhz;bUf;fpwhh;. ,NaRitAk; rigiaAk; xUNghJk; gphpf;f KbahJ.
Vndd;why; kzthsd; ,NaR kzthl;bahfpa jkJ rigia jk;Kila Ra ,uj;jj;ij rpe;jp
rk;ghjpj;jhh;. rigf;F tuq;fisAk;> fpUigfisAk; nfhLj;jhh;. xU kzthsd;
kzthl;bNahL ,Uf;f tpUk;GtJ Nghy> ,NaRTf;F rigapd; kj;jpapy; cyhTtNj gphpak;.
jd;Dila kzthl;b rigf;fhfj;jhd; ,NaR tu Nghfpwhh;.
epiwTfs;
vNgR rigapd; epiwTfis VO fhhpaq;fs;
%yk; tpsf;Ffpwhh;. cd; fphpiafis mwpe;jpUf;fpNwd;. fh;j;jUila ehkj;jpw;nfd;W
nra;fpw rpwpa fhhpakhdhYk;> nghpa fhhpakhdhYk; mijnay;yhk; mwpfpwth; Njtd;.
cq;fs; fphpiaiiaAk;> ePq;fs; ghpRj;jthd;fSf;F CopaQ;nra;jjpdhYk; nra;J
tUfpwjpdhYk; jkJ ehkj;jpw;fhff; fhz;gpj;j md;Gs;s gpuahrj;ijAk; kwe;JtpLfpwjw;F
Njtd; mePjpAs;stuy;yNt (vgp:6:10). rP\d; vd;Dk; ehkj;jpdpkpj;jk; ,e;jr; rpwpahpy;
xUtDf;F xU fyrk; jz;zPh; khj;jpuk; Fbf;ff; nfhLf;fpwtDk; jd; gyid milahkw;
Nghfhd; vd;W> nka;ahfNt cq;fSf;Fr; nrhy;YfpNwd; vd;whh;(kj;:10:42).
cd; gpuahrj;ij mwpe;jpUf;fpNwd;. Mz;ltUf;nfd;W gpuahrg;gLk; NghJ mij mwpe;J
mjw;F jf;f gyd;fis Vw;wf;fhyj;jpy; nfhLf;fpwtuhapUf;fpwhh;. vd; ehkj;jpdpkpj;jk;
,isg;gilahky; gpuahrg;gl;lijAk; mwpe;jpUf;fpNwd;(ntsp:2:3). ,NaRtpd; ehkj;jpd;
epkpj;jk; Nrhh;e;J Nghfhky; gpuahr gLfpw rigahf vNgR rig fhzg;gl;lJ. mij Njtd;
mwpe;jpUf;fpNwd; vd;W $Wfpwhh;. rig Mz;ltUf;fha; cz;ikaha; gpuahrg;gLk;NghJ mij
mwpfpwth; Njtd;.
cd; nghWikiaAk; mwpe;jpUf;fpNwd;.
nghWik vd;W gjj;ij ,uz;L ,lj;jpy; thrpf;f KbAk;. vNgR rigapd; nghWikia Fwpj;J
NjtNd nkr;Rfpwhh;. ePPba nghWik vd;w Mtpapd; fdpia cila rig vNgR rig. Mifahy;>
Nkfk;Nghd;w ,j;jid jpushd rhl;rpfs; ek;ikr; #o;e;Jnfhz;bUf;f> ghukhd ahtw;iwAk;>
ek;ikr; Rw;wp neUf;fpepw;fpw ghtj;ijAk; js;sptpl;L> tpRthrj;ijj; Jtf;FfpwtUk;
Kbf;fpwtUkhapUf;fpw ,NaRit Nehf;fp> ekf;F epakpj;jpUf;fpw Xl;lj;jpy; nghWikNahNl
Xlf;flNthk;(vgp:12:10). cq;fs; nghWikapdhy; cq;fs; Mj;Jkhf;fisf;
fhj;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs;(Y}f;fh:21:19). nghy;yhjth;fisr;
rfpf;ff; $lhkypUf;fpw rig. nghy;yhjth;fspd; rf thrj;ij js;spitj;j rig. NjtDf;fhf
ituhf;fpak; fhz;gpj;j rig.
Nrhjpj;jwpfpw rig. gphpakhdth;fNs>
cyfj;jpy; mNefq; fs;sj;jPh;f;fjhprpfs; Njhd;wpapUg;gjpdhy;> ePq;fs; vy;yh
MtpfisAk; ek;ghky;> me;j Mtpfs; Njtdhy; cz;lhditfNsh vd;W
Nrhjpj;jwpAq;fs;(Nahthd;:4:1). Nrhjpj;jwpfpw fpUig Mtpapd; tuq;fspy; xd;W.
ngNuah gl;lzj;jhh; gTYila Nghjfj;ij Nfl;lgpd;G mijf;Fwpj;J Muha;e;Jghh;j;jhh;fs;
vd;W Ntjj;jpNy ghh;f;fpNwhk;. vNgR rig vy;yhtw;iwAk; Nrhjpj;jwpe;jJ.
Njtd; ntWf;fpw epf;nfhyha; kj];jhpd;
fphpiafis ntWf;fpw rig. epf;nfhy;yha; kj];jhpd; nfhs;if vd;gJ vg;gbAk;
[Ptpf;fyhk; gf;jpahy; fhzg;gl;;lhy; NghJk; vd;gjhFk;. epf;nfhyha; vd;gtd; xUfhyj;jpy; %g;gdha;
fhzg;gl;ltd;.(mg;:6:5). jdf;nfd;W xU Nghjidia cUthf;fp [dq;fis gpd;gw;w itj;jtd;;.
ghpRj;jkw;w> khk;rPf [Ptpak;> tpf;fpufq;fSf;F gilj;jitfis Grpf;fyhk; Nghd;w
nfhs;iffis Nghjpj;jtd;. mg;gbg;gl;l Nghjidfis vNgR rig ntWj;jJ.
Fiwfs;
eP Mjpapy; nfhz;bUe;j md;ig
tpl;lha;;;;;;. cd; Mjp md;G jzpe;J NghdJ> Fiwe;J NghdJ vd;W $whky; md;ig tpl;lha;
vd;W $Wfpwhh;. Mz;ltUf;nfd;W ty;yikaha; epd;w rig fhyg;Nghf;fpy; Mz;ltiu tpl;L tpyfp
NghfpwJ. #ykpj;jp jd; kzhsd; Nky; nfhz;l Nerk; kuzj;ij Nghy typJ. jpushd
jz;zPh;fs; Nerj;ij mtpf;fkhl;lhJ vd;W $Wfpwij cd;djg;ghl;by; thrpf;fpNwhk;.
mg;gbg;gl;l Nkd;ikahd md;ig vNgR rigahdJ fhyg;Nghf;fpy; tpl;Ltpl;lJ. MdhYk;
Njtd; vNgR rigf;F kde;jpUk;Gtjw;Fhpaj; jUzj;ij nfhLf;fpwhh;. eP ,d;d
epiyikapypUe;J tpOe;jhnad;gij epidj;J> kde;jpUk;gp> Mjpapy; nra;j fphpiafisr;
nra; vd;W mwpTiu $Wfpwhh;.
vr;rhpf;if
ehd; rPf;fpukha; cd;dplj;jpy; te;J>
eP kde;jpUk;ghjgl;rj;jpy;> cd; tpsf;Fj;jz;il cd;dplj;jpdpd;W ePf;fptpLNtd;. rig
vd;gJ nghd;Fj;Jtpsf;if Fwpf;fpwJ. tpsf;F jz;L vd;gJ ghpRj;jhtpahdtiu Fwpf;fpwJ.
tpsf;Fj;jz;by; vz;nza; cs;stiu tpsf;F vhpAk;. vNgR rigia Mz;lth; vr;rhpf;fpwhh;>
eP kde;jpUk;ghtpl;lhy; tpsf;Fj;jz;il vLj;J NghLNtd; vd;W $Wfpwhh;. mth;
tpsf;Fj; jz;il vLg;ghnud;why; ntspr;rk; ,y;yhky; rig gprhrpd; me;jfhuj;jpw;Fs;
Ngha; tpLk;.
Mtpahdth; rigfSf;Fr;
nrhy;Yfpwijf; fhJs;std; Nfl;ff;fltd;. rigfSf;F vd;gJ gd;ikapy; ,Ug;gjhy;> ,e;j
nra;jpahdJ vNgR rigf;F khj;jpuky;y vy;yh fhyf;fl;lj;jpYk; fhzg;gLfpw rigfSf;Fk;
nghUe;Jk;. rigfs; Mz;lth;Nghpy; nfhz;l md;gpy; mDjpdKk; ngUfNtz;Lk;. KO
Mj;JkhNthLk; KO gyj;NjhLk; KO kdNjhLk; Mz;lthpy; md;G $wNtz;Lk;.
thf;Fj;jj;jk;
n[aq;nfhs;SfpwtndtNdh mtDf;Fj;
NjtDila gujPrpd; kj;jpapypUf;fpw [PttpUl;rj;jpd; fdpiag;Grpf;ff;nfhLg;Ngd;.
VNjd; Njhl;lj;jpy; [PttpUl;rj;jpd; fdpia ghtj;jpy; tpOe;j kD\d; Grpf;fhj gbf;F Njtd; Juj;jp
tpl;lhh;. Rlnuhsp gl;laj;ij ghJfhtYf;fhf itj;jhh;. Mdhy; n[aq;nfhs;Sfpw rigf;F>
tpRthrpf;F kPz;Lk; [PttpUl;rj;jpd; fdpia Grpf;f nfhLg;Ngd; vd;W $Wfpwhh;.
2.
rpkph;dh rig(ntsp:2:8-11)
,e;j rigapd; fhyk; fp.gp.170 Kjy;
fp.gp.312 tiu. rpkph;dh vd;gjpd; mh;j;jk;
nts;isg;Nghsk; my;yJ frg;G vd;gjhFk;. ,NaR rpYitapy; miwag;gl;lg;NghJ
nts;isg;Nghsk; fye;j fhbia Fbf;f nfhLj;jhh;fs; vd;W Ntj;jpy; thrpf;fpNwhk;(khw;F:15:23). mjhtJ kuzj;NjhL rk;ke;jg;gl;lg;nghUs;
nts;isNghsk;;. vNgR rig
Mjpapy; nfhz;bUe;j md;ig ,oe;jJ. mij jpUg;gp nfhz;LtUk;gb
cgj;jputj;jpw;Fs;sha;> frg;Gf;Fs;sha;>
rpl;irf;Fs;shf rpkph;dh rigia xg;Gf;nfhLf;fpwhh;;. Njtd; vtdplj;jpy; md;G $WfpwhNuh mtid
rpl;rpf;fpwhh;. jfg;gd; rpl;rpahj Gj;jpud; cz;Nlh?
cgj;jputg;gl;l rig
KfTiu
rpkph;dh rigapd; nra;jpAk; rigapd;
J}jid Nehf;fp nry;fpwJ. J}jd; vd;W nrhy;Yk; NghJ ehk; mwpe;jgb rigapd;
Copaf;fhuid Fwpf;fpwJ. rigf;F nra;jpia nfhLg;gth; ahh;> vg;gb gl;lth; vd;W ,NaR
jd;id mwpKfg;gLj;Jfpwhh;. Ke;jpdtUk; gpe;jpdtUk;> khpj;jpUe;J gpioj;jtUkhdth;
nrhy;YfpwjhtJ vd;W ,NaR $Wfpwhh. cyf gpufhukhd xU kD\d; 70 tU\k; my;yJ
ngyj;jpd; kpFjpahy; 80 tU\k; tho;fpwhd;. Mdhy; ,e;j nra;jpia nfhLj;jth;
$Wfpwhh; Ke;jpdtUk; gpe;jpdtUk;> khpj;jpUe;J gpioj;jtUkhdth; vd. ek;Kila kPl;gh;
epj;jpa epj;jpakhdth;. cyfj;Njhw;wj;jpw;F Kd;ghfNt fhzg;gLfpwth;. New;Wk; ,d;Wk;>
vd;Wk; khwhjth;. moptpy;yhj epj;jpa Njtd;. ek;Kila ghtq;fSf;fhf> ,ul;rpg;ig
cz;Lgz;Ztjw;fhf Ra ,uj;jk; rpe;jp rigia rk;ghjpg;gjw;F khpj;jhh;. ,dp mth;
xUNghJk; khpg;gjpy;iy. mth; gpioj;jpUf;fpwhh;. rpkph;dh rigahdJ cgj;jputj;jpd;
ghijapy; nrd;w rig. Mdhy; Njtd; ctj;jputj;jpy; nry;Yfpw ,e;j rigf;F khpj;jpUe;J
gpioj;jtUkhdth; vd;W jd;id mwpKfg;gLj;Jfpwhh;;. cgj;jputg;gl;L
ghLfSf;Fl;gl;ltuhf ,Ug;gpDk; ,g;NghJ gpioj;jpUf;fpNwd; vd mwpKfg;gLj;jp
frg;Gf;Fs;shf fhzg;gLfpw rigia cw;rhfg;gLj;Jfpwhh;.
epiwTfs;
cd; fphpiafis mwpe;jpUf;fpNwd;. cd;
cgj;jputj;ij mwpe;jpUf;fpNwd;. Mjp rig vg;gb Jd;ggLj;jg;gl;lNjh mJNghy ,e;j
rpkph;dh rigAk; Jd;gg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. ,NaR rpkph;dh rigapd; cgj;jputj;ij
mwpe;jpUe;jhh;. cyf kD\dhy; cgj;jputj;ij mwpa KbahJ. cyfj;jpNy cq;fSf;F
cgj;jputk; cz;L> MdhYk; jpld;nfhs;Sq;fs; ehd; cyfj;ij n[apj;Njd;
(Nahthd;:16:13). mth; jhNk Nrhjpf;fg;gl;L ghLgl;ljpdhNy> cgj;jputg;gLfpwtDila
cgj;jputj;ij xUNghJk; mw;gkha; vz;zkhl;lhh;.
eP IRthpaKs;stdhapUe;Jk;
cdf;fpUf;fpw jhpj;jpuj;ij mwpe;jpUf;fpNwd;. rpkph;dh rig tpRthrj;jpy;
IRthpaKs;sjhf fhzg;gLfpwJ. Mdhy; nghUshjhuj;jpNyh jhpj;jpukha; fhzg;gLfpwJ.
Njtd; ,t;Tyfj;jpd; jhpj;jpuiu tpRthrj;jpy; IRthpathd;fshfTk;> jk;kplj;jpy;
md;G$Ufpwth;fSf;Fj; jhk; thf;Fj;jj;jk;gz;zpd uh[;aj;ijr; Rje;jhpf;fpwth;fshfTk;
njhpe;Jnfhs;stpy;iyah?(ahf;NfhG:2:5). a+jnud;W nrhy;ypAk; a+juhapuhky;
rhj;jhDila $l;lkhapUf;fpwth;fs; nra;Ak; J}\zj;ijAk; mwpe;jpUf;fpNwd;. rpkph;dh
rigahdJ J}\pf;fg;gl;l rig. rhj;jhDila $l;lk; jhd; ,th;fis J}\pf;fpwhh;fs;.
rhj;jhDila ngah;fspy; xd;W rNfhjuh;fis Fw;wg;gLj;Jfpwtd;
(Accuser of brethren).
MdhYk; Mz;lth; cw;rhf gLj;Jfpwhh;.
eP glg;Nghfpw ghLfisf; Fwpj;J vt;tsTk; gag;glhNj> ,Njh> ePq;fs;
Nrhjpf;fg;gLk; nghUl;lhfg; gprhrhdtd; cq;fspy; rpyiuf; fhtypy; NghLthd;> gj;Jehs;
cgj;jputg;gLtPh;fs;. rhj;jhDila $l;lj;jhy;> J}\zj;jhy; cz;lhFk; ghLfSf;F
gag;glhNj. lNahf;fpyP\pad; vd;w Nuhk rf;fputh;j;jp filrp gj;J tU\ Ml;rpapNy
rpkph;dh rig kpfTk; Ntjidg;gl;lJ vd;W tuyhW $WfpwJ.
thf;Fj;jj;jk;
eP kuzghpae;jk; cz;ikahapU> mg;nghOJ
[PtfphPlj;ij cdf;Fj; jUNtd;. mNdf fPhplq;fis Fwpj;J Ntjj;jpy; vOjg;gl;lhYk;
Nrhjid> cgj;jputq;fSf;Fs;sha; fle;J nrd;w rpkph;dh rigf;F Njtd; [Pt fphPlj;ij
jUNtd; vd;W thf;F nfhLf;fpwhh;. Nrhjidiar; rfpf;fpw kD\d; ghf;fpathd;. mtd;
cj;jkndd;W tpsq;fpdgpd;G fh;j;jh; jk;kplj;jpy; md;G$Ufpwth;fSf;F thf;Fj;jj;jk;
gz;zpd [PtfphPlj;ijg; ngWthd;(ahf;NfhG:1:12). tpRthrpfs; Mz;lthpd; tUif kl;Lk;
my;yJ kuzghpae;jk; cz;ikAs;sth;fshf fhzg;glNtz;Lk;. mg;NghJ jhd; [PtfphPlj;ij
ngw KbAk;. Mtpahdth; rigfSf;Fr; nrhy;Yfpwijf;
fhJs;std; Nfl;ff;fltd;> n[aq;nfhs;Sfpwtd; ,uz;lhk; kuzj;jpdhy;
Nrjg;gLtjpy;iy. ,uz;lhk; kuzk; vd;W nrhy;Yk; NghJ> (ntsp:20:14) -y;
thrpf;fpNwhk;> kuzKk; ghjhsKk; mf;fpdpf;flypNy js;sg;gl;ld> ,J ,uz;lhk; kuzk;.
gag;gLfpwth;fSk;> mtpRthrpfSk;> mUtUg;ghdth;fSk;> nfhiyghjfUk;> tpgrhuf;fhuUk;>
#dpaf;fhuUk;> tpf;fpufhuhjidf;fhuUk;> ngha;ah; midtUk; ,uz;lhk; kuzkhfpa
mf;fpdpAk; fe;jfKk; vhpfpw flypNy gq;filthh;fs; (ntsp:21:8). ,g;gbg; gl;l
,uz;lhk; kuzj;jpdhy; rpkph;dh rig Nrjg;gLtjpy;iy vd;W Njtd; thf;FnfhLf;fpwhh;.
Mtpahdth; rigfSf;Fr; nrhy;Yfpwijf;
fhJs;std; Nfl;ff;fltd; vd;W $Wfpwhh;. rigfSf;F vd;gJ gd;ikapy; ,Ug;gjhy;> ,e;j
nra;jpahdJ rpkph;dh rigf;F khj;jpuky;y vy;yh fhyf;fl;lj;jpYk; fhzg;gLfpw
rigfSf;Fk; nghUe;Jk;.
3.
ngh;fK rig (ntsp:2:12-18)
ngh;fK vd;why; jpUkzk;; vd;W
nghUs;. jpUkzk; vd;W nrhy;Yk; NghJ rigAk;> cyfKk; xd;W NrUtJ>
rigf;Fs;sha; cyfk; GFtJ vd;W mh;j;jk; nfhs;SfpwJ. ngh;fK rigapd; fhyk; rig
tuyhw;wpy; xU ,Uz;l fhyk;. Gwk;ghd cgNjrKk;> Nfhl;ghLfSk;> cyf QhdKk;
Gwkj topghl;l KiwfSk; rigapy; GFj;jg;gl;l fhyk;. ,e;j rigapd; fhykhdJ fp.gp.312 Kjy; fp.gp.606 tiu. ,e;j fhyf;fl;lj;jpy; Nuhk rf;fputh;j;jpahd fhd;];ld;ild; Ml;rpf;F
tUfpwhd;. mg;nghOJ mtd; jd; ,uh[;aj;ij epiygLj;Jtjw;F fpwp];jtj;ijAk;>
Nuhk Gwkj KiwikfisAk;; xd;WgLj;jpdhd;. XNu ehspNy jd; ehl;il fpwp];jt ehlhf
gpuflgLj;jpdhd;. fp.gp.312-y; eprpah vd;Dk; rq;f $l;lk; eilngw;wJ. mjpy; 1500
Ngh; murpay; jiyth;fs; Nghy Mlk;guj;NjhL $bdh;. me;j ,lj;jpy; mth;fis FUf;fhshf>
gp\g;Gfshf mgpN\fk; nra;jhd;. FUf;fSf;F cr;rpjkhd Milfis mzptpj;jhd;. gp\g;Gfis
Nkilfspy; cl;fhu nra;jhd;. ,NaRtpd; ehl;fspy; Copak; kpf rhjhuzkhf fhzg;gl;lJ.
Mjprigapd; fhyj;jpYk; $l tPLfs; NjhWk; Muhjid> n[g$l;lq;fs; elj;jg;gl;lJ. Mdhy;
fhd;];ld;ild; Fwpg;gpl;l kf;fs; jhd; Mrhhpa Copak; nra;a KbAk; vd;W
ephzak;nra;jhd;. Ntj trdkhdJ
Gwk;ghf;fg;gl;lJ. rhjhuz [dq;fSf;F Ntjk; kWf;fg;gl;lJ.
ghohd ,d;iwa ngh;fK gl;lzk;
KfTiu
ngh;fK rigapd; nra;jpahdJk; rigapd;
J}jid Nehf;fp nry;fpwJ. J}jd; vd;W nrhy;Yk; NghJ rigapd; Copaf;fhuid Fwpf;fpwJ.
ngh;fK rigf;F KjyhtJ nra;jpia nfhLg;gth; ahh;> mth; vg;gb gl;lth; vd;W
mwpKfg;gLj;Jfpwhh;. ,UGwKk; fUf;Fs;s gl;laj;ij cilath; nrhy;YfpwjhtJ vd;W
Mz;lth; jd;id mwpKfg;gLj;Jfpwhh;.
,UGwKk; fUf;Fs;s gl;lak;
vd;gJ Ntj trdj;ij Fwpf;fpwJ. ngh;fK rig Ntj trdj;ij xJf;fpdJ. cyfk;
khwyhk;> rigapd; fhhpaq;fis kdpjh;fs; khw;wyhk; Mdhy; khwhj> mopahj> ty;yikAs;s
trdkhd ,UGwKk; fUf;Fs;s gl;laj;ij Mz;lth; itj;jpUf;fpwhh;. mth; thapypUe;J
,UGwKk; fUf;Fs;s gl;lak; Gwg;gl;lJ(ntsp:1:16). murh;fs;> [dq;fs;> rigfs;> trdj;ij
khw;w Kaw;rpf;fyhk;. Mz;lth; $Wfpwhh; vd; thh;j;ijia ahUk; khw;w KbahJ. thdKk;
G+kpAk; xope;JNghk;> vd; thh;j;ijfNsh xUNghJk; xope;JNghtjpy;iy. mtUila thh;j;ij
thdq;fspy; vd;Wk; epiyj;J epw;fpwJ.
,e;j rigapd; fhyj;jpy;;> rig
jiyth;fs; ,d;ndhU fhhpaj;ijAk; nra;jhh;fs;. NtW gjpNdO G];jq;fis
(Apocryphal books)
Ntjj;NjhL Nrh;j;J nfhz;lhh;fs;. gjpdhd;F G];jfq;fis gioa Vw;ghNlhLk; %d;W
G];jfq;fis Gjpa Vw;ghNlhLk; Nrh;j;Jf;nfhz;lhh;fs;. ,NaRtpd; Copa ehl;fspy;
,NaRNth> mtUila rp\h;fNsh ,e;j G];jfq;fspypUe;J ve;j trdj;ijAk; Rl;bf;
fhl;ltpy;iy. mg;Ngh];jyh;fs; $l xUNghJk; Rl;bf; fhl;ltpy;iy. ngh;fK rigapd;
fhyj;jpy; jhd;; NtjG];jfk; rq;fpypahy; fl;lg;gl;L rhjhuzkf;fs; ahUk; thrpf;f
$lhjgb gpurq;f gPlq;fspy; ,izf;fg;gl;l gof;fk; Jtq;fpdJ. yj;jPd; nkhopapy; jhd;
Ntjk; vOjg;gl;lJ. FUf;fs; khj;jpuk; jhd; thrpf;fNtz;Lk;> tpsf;fNtz;Lk;. mjdhy;
jhd; ,UGwKk; fUf;Fs;s gl;laj;ij cilath; vd;W ty;yikNahL jd;id
mwpKfg;gLj;Jfpwhh;.
epiwfs;
cd; fphpiafis mwpe;jpUf;fpNwd;.
ngh;fK rigapd; fphpiafis mwpfpw Njtd;. VOrigfis ghh;j;Jk; $Wfpwhh;; cd;
fphpiafis mwpe;jpUf;fpNwd;. rhj;jhDila rpq;fhrdkpUf;fpw ,lj;jpy; eP
FbapUf;fpwijAk;> eP vd; ehkj;ij gw;wpf;nfhz;bUf;fpwijAk;> rhj;jhd;
Fbnfhz;bUf;fpw ,lj;jpNy cq;fSf;Fs;Ns vdf;F cz;ikAs;s rhl;rpahd me;jpg;gh vd;gtd;
nfhy;yg;gl;l ehl;fspYk; vd;idg; gw;Wk; tpRthrj;ij eP kWjypahkypUe;jijAk;
mwpe;jpUf;fpNwd;. fhd;];ld;ild; FUf;fSf;fhf rpq;fhrdj;ij Vw;gLj;jpdhd;. Mdhy;
,NaR ,e;j rpq;fhrdq;fis rhj;jhd; Fbnfhz;bUf;fpw ,lk; vd;W $Wfpwhh;. rj;jpaj;ij
tpl;LJ}uk; NghFk;NghJ> rj;jpa trdj;ij Gwf;fzpf;Fk;NghJ rhj;jhd;
Fbnfhz;LtpLthd;. A+j gonkhop
$WfpwJ. Ntjk; fw;W nfhLf;fg;glhj ,lk; rhj;jhd; Fbnfhs;Skplk; vd. MdhYk;
mg;gbg;gl;l #o;epiyfspYk; cz;ikaha; Mz;ltUf;nfd;W epd;w Njt gps;isfs; ngh;fK
rigpd; fhyj;jpYk; ,Ue;jpUf;fpwhh;fs;. ghfhYf;F Kd;ghf Koq;fhy; gbaplhj 7000 Ngiu
vypahtpd; ehl;fspy; itj;jpUe;jJ Nghy> ngh;fK rigapd; ehl;fspYk; Mz;lth; itj;jpUf;fpwhh;. mth;fis gw;wp $Wk; NghJ jhd;> vd;idg; gw;Wk; tpRthrj;ij eP
kWjypahkypUe;jijAk; mwpe;jpUf;fpNwd; vd;W $Wfpwhh;.
Fiwfs;
tpf;fpufq;fSf;Fg; gilj;jitfisg;
Grpg;gjw;Fk; Ntrpj;jdk;gz;Ztjw;Fk; VJthd ,lwiy ,];uNty; Gj;jpuh; Kd;ghfg;
NghLk;gb ghyhf; vd;gtDf;Fg; Nghjidnra;j gpNyahKila Nghjfj;ijf;
iff;nfhs;Sfpwth;fs; ngh;fK rigapy; ,Ue;jhh;fs;. ,J ,lwy;fspd; cgNjrkhf
fhzg;gl;lJ. rhj;jhDila rpq;fhrdk; ,Uf;fpw ,lj;jpy; fs;s Nghjidfs; epiwe;J
fhzg;gLk;. khk;rPfk; fhzg;gLk;. mJkl;Lky;yhky; ,e;j rigapy; Njtd; ntWf;fpw epf;nfhyha; kj];jUila
Nghjfj;ijf; iff;nfhs;S fpwth;fSk; ,Ue;jhh;fs;. Mz;lth; kde;jpUk;g jtiz
nfhLf;fpwhh;. eP kde;jpUk;G> ,y;yhtpl;lhy; ehd; rPf;fpukha; cd;dplj;jpy; te;J>
vd; thapd; gl;laj;jhy; Aj;jk;gz;ZNtd;. thapd; gl;lak; vd;W nrhy;Yk; NghJ
trdj;ij Fwpf;fpwJ. kfpikaile;j ,NaR> kde;jpUk;Gk;gb vr;rhpf;fpwhh;.
,d;W Ntj trdj;Jf;F fPo;gbahtpl;lhy; ,e;j trdNk ek;ik
epahae;jPh;f;Fk;.
thf;Fj;jj;jk;
Mtpahdth; rigfSf;Fr; nrhy;Yfpwijf;
fhJs;std; Nfl;ff;fltd;> n[aq;nfhs;SfpwtDf;F ehd; kiwthd kd;dhitg;
Grpf;ff;nfhLj;J> mtDf;F ntz;ikahd Fwpf;fy;iyAk;> me;jf; fy;ypd;Nky; vOjg;gl;lJk;
mijg; ngWfpwtNdad;wp NtnwhUtDk; mwpaf;$lhjJkhfpa Gjpa ehkj;ijAk; nfhLg;Ngd;.
mth;fs; guNyhf FLk;gj;jpd; mq;fkhf khw;wg;gLthh;fs;. rigfSf;F vd;gJ gd;ikapy;
,Ug;gjhy;> ,e;j nra;jpahdJ ngh;fK rigf;F khj;jpuky;y vy;yh
fhyf;fl;lj;jpYk; fhzg;gLfpw rigfSf;Fk; nghUe;Jk;.
jpaj;jPuh rig(ntsp:2:18-29)
jpaj;jPuh rigapd; fhyk; fp;.gp.606 Kjy;
fp.gp.1520 tiu. jpahj;jPuh vd;why; mQ;Qhd rig my;yJ
Ntjj;ij mwpahj rig vd;W mh;j;jk;. ,e;j fhyj;jpy; jhd; rigfspy; rpiy topghL
nfhz;L tug;gl;lJ. ,NaRit khpahspd; ghy;Fb kfdhf fz;lhHfNs jtpu Njtdhf fhztpy;iy.
FUf;fSila ghjq;fis Kj;jkplNtz;Lk; vd;w nfhs;if te;eJ. ,NaR $wpdhh; cq;fis
FUf;fs; vd;W miof;fhjpUq;fs;;. fp;.gp.995-y; khpj;J Nghdth;fis Muhjpf;ff;
njhlq;fpdhh;fs;. Gw[hjpahUila mNef topghLfSk; ,e;j rigapy;
GFj;jg;gLfpwJ. fp.gp. 1229-y; rhjhuz kD\d; Ntjj;ij thrpf;ff;$lhjgb KOtJkha;
Ntjk; kWf;fg;gl;lJ. Ntjthf;fpaq;fis Muha;e;J ghUq;fs; mitfshy; cq;fSf;F epj;jpa
[Ptd; cz;L vd;W Ntjk; $Wk; NghJ jil
nra;jhh;fs;. fp.gp.1414-y; rhjhuz kD\Df;F jpUtpUe;jpy; jpuhl;rurk; nfhLf;f
kWf;fg;gl;lJ. mg;gk; khj;jpuk; Grpf;fNtz;Lk;. urk; FUf;fSilaJ. ,NaR
ghj;jpuj;ijAk; vLj;J> ];Njhj;jpuk;gz;zp> mth;fSf;Ff; nfhLj;J: ePq;fs;
vy;yhUk; ,jpNy ghdk;gz;Zq;fs;> ,J ghtkd;dpg;Gz;lhFk;gb mNefUf;fhfr;
rpe;jg;gLfpw GJ cld;gbf;iff;Fhpa vd;Dila ,uj;jkhapUf;fpwJ (kj;NjA:26:26>27) vd;whh;. Mdhy; ,th;fNsh vy;yhtw;iwAk; Ntjj;jpw;F Gwk;ghf iff;nfhz;lhh;fs;.
KfTiu
jpaj;jPuh rigapd; nra;jpahdJ $l
rigapd; J}jid Nehf;fp nry;fpwJ. jpahj;jPuh rigf;F KjyhtJ nra;jpia
nfhLg;gth; ahh;> vg;gb gl;lth; vd;W mwpKfg;gLj;Jfpwhh;. mf;fpdp[_thiyNghd;w
fz;fSk;> gpufhrkhd ntz;fyk;Nghd;w ghjq;fSKs;s NjtFkhud; vd;W nrhy;Yfpwhh;. ,e;j
jpaj;jPuh rigapd; fhyj;jpy; rig Kw;wpYk; Ntj trdj;Jf;F Gwk;ghf khWfpwJ.
jpaj;jPuh rig ,NaRit khpahspd; ghy;Fb kfdhf fz;l NghJ ,NaR jd;id NjtFkhud; vd;W $Wfpwhh;. ,e;j rigapy; Ntj trdq;fSf;F Gwk;ghd fhhpaq;fs;
elf;Fk; NghJ mij ghh;j;J nfhz;bUf;fpwth; mf;fpdp[_thiyNghd;w fz;fSilath; vd;W
$Wfpwhh;. ,tw;iwnay;yhk; kpjpj;J mopj;J NghLthh; vd;gjw;F milahskhf ntz;fyk;Nghd;w ghjq;fSs;sth;
vd;W jd;id mwpKfg;gLj;Jfpwhh;.
epiwfs;
jpaj;jPuh rigapy; fphpiafs;> md;G> Copak;> tpRthrk;> nghWik> Kd;G nra;j
fphpiafspYk; gpd;G nra;j fphpiafs; mjpfkhapUe;jJ vd;gijAk; mwpe;jpUf;fpNwd;
vd;W Mz;lth; $Wfpwhh;. jpaj;jPuh rigahdJ fphpiafs; %yk; epjpkhd; Mfyhk; vd;W
epidj;J fphpiafspy; rpwe;J tpsq;fpd rig. Mz;lth; mth;fSila fphpiafis
mwpfpw Njtd;. grpahapUe;Njd;> vdf;Fg; Ngh[dq;nfhLj;jPh;fs;> jhfkhapUe;Njd;> vd;
jhfj;ijj; jPh;j;jPh;fs;> me;epadhapUe;Njd;> vd;idr; Nrh;j;Jf;nfhz;Bh;fs;>
t];jpukpy;yhjpUe;Njd;> vdf;F t];jpuq;nfhLj;jPh;fs;> tpahjpahapUe;Njd;> vd;id
tprhhpf;f te;jPh;fs;> fhtypypUe;Njd;> vd;idg; ghh;f;fte;jPh;fs; vd;W $Wfpw
Njtd;(kj;NjA:25:35>36). ,d;Wk; Nuhk rigfs; fphpiafspy; rpwe;J tpsq;FfpwJ. Mdhy;
fphpiafs; khj;jpuk; ek;ik ,ul;rpg;gjpy;iy.
Fiwfs;
,g;gbg;gl;l ew;fphpiafs; ,Ue;jhYk;
cd;Nghpy; vdf;Ff; Fiw cz;L vd;W Mz;lth; $Wfpwhh;. vd;dntdpy;> jd;idj;
jPh;f;fjhprpnad;W nrhy;Yfpw NarNgy; vd;Dk; ];jphPahdts; vd;Dila Copaf;fhuh;
Ntrpj;jdk;gz;zTk; tpf;fpufq;fSf;Fg; gilj;jitfisg; Grpf;fTk; mth;fSf;Fg;
Nghjpj;J> mth;fis tQ;rpf;Fk;gb eP mtSf;F ,lq;nfhLf;fpwha;. NarNgy; gioa
Vw;ghl;bd; gb Gw[hjp ];jphp. mtis
,];uNtypd; ,uh[h Mfhg; jpUkzk; nra;J nfhz;lhd;. mts; nra;jJ vd;d> tpf;fpuf
Muhjidia ,];uNtypy;; nfhz;L te;jhs;;. mJkhj;jpuky;y mNef jPh;f;fjhprpfisAk;>
NjtDf;nfd;W cz;ikaha; epd;wth;fisAk; nfhd;whs;. mNj ];jphpapDila Nghjfj;ij
gpd;gw;Wfpw rig jpaj;jPuh rig vd;W Mz;lth; $Wfpwhh;. tpf;fpuf Muhjid vd;gJ
Ntrpj;jd ghtj;jpw;F xg;ghdJ. Copaf;fhuh; tpgr;rhuk; nra;aTk; Nghjpj;jhs;.
tpf;fpufq;fSf;F gilj;jitfis Grpf;fTk; Nghjpj;jhs;. ,g;gpugQ;rj;jpd; mjpgjpahfpa
gprhrdhtd;
mth;fSila Mtpf;Fhpa fz;fis FUlhf;fpdhd;. Mifahy;; Ntjj;jpd; mjpraq;fisAk; mwpe;J
nfhs;s Kbatpy;iy.
NarNgypd; tpf;fpuf Muhjidia gpd;gw;wpd rig
Njtd; kde;jpUk;Gk;gbaha; mtSf;Fj;
jtiznfhLf;fpwhh;. jd; Ntrpkhh;f;fj;ij tpl;L kde;jpUk;g mtSf;F tpUg;gkpy;iy.
,Njh> ehd; mtisf; fl;by;fpilahf;fp> mtSlNd tpgrhuQ;nra;jth;fs; jq;fSila
fphpiafistpl;L kde;jpUk;ghtpl;lhy; mth;fisAk; kpFe;j cgj;jputj;jpNy js;sp>
mtSila gps;isfisAk; nfhy;yNt nfhy;YNtd;> mg;nghOJ ehNd cs;se;jphpaq;fisAk;
,Ujaq;fisAk; Muha;fpwtnud;W vy;yhr; rigfSk; mwpe;Jnfhs;Sk;> md;wpAk; cq;fspy;
xt;nthUtDf;Fk; cq;fs; fphpiafspd;gbNa gydspg;Ngd; vd;W $Wfpwhh;.
thf;Fj;jj;jk;
jpaj;jPuhtpNy ,e;jg; Nghjfj;ijg;
gw;wpf;nfhs;shkYk;> rhj;jhDila Moq;fs; vd;W mth;fs; nrhy;Yfpwhh;fNs> me;j
Moq;fis mwpe;Jnfhs;shkYkpUf;fpw kw;wth;fshfpa cq;fSf;F ehd; nrhy;YfpwjhtJ>
cq;fs;Nky; NtnwhU ghuj;ijAk; Rkj;jkhl;Nld;. cq;fSf;Fs;sij ehd; tUksTk;
gw;wpf;nfhz;bUq;fs;. n[aq;nfhz;L KbTghpae;jk; vd; fphpiafisf;
iff;nfhs;SfpwtndtNdh mtDf;F ehd; vd; gpjhtpdplj;jpy; mjpfhuk; ngw;wJNghy>
[hjpfs;Nky; mjpfhuk; nfhLg;Ngd;. mtd; ,Ug;Gf;Nfhyhy; mth;fis MSthd;> mth;fs;
kz;ghz;lq;fisg;Nghy nehWf;fg;gLthh;fs;. tpbnts;sp el;rj;jpuj;ijAk; mtDf;Ff;
nfhLg;Ngd; vd;W $Wfpwhh;.
Mtpahdth; rigfSf;Fr; nrhy;Yfpwijf; fhJs;std; Nfl;ff;fltd; vd;W $Wfpwhh;. rigfSf;F
vd;gJ gd;ikapy; ,Ug;gjhy;> ,e;j nra;jpahdJ jpaj;jPuh rigf;F khj;jpuky;y vy;yh
fhyf;fl;lj;jpYk; fhzg;gLfpw rigfSf;Fk; nghUe;Jk;.
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